Mikhail Gorbachev and the end of Communism

*Glasnost: Is a policy that refers to an idea of being open to non-socialist economic systems. Russsian word for "openness"

*Perestrokia: A policy that involved restructuring of the social and economic status in communist Russia.

Mikhail Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931 who is a Russian politician. He was the last leader of the Soviet Union, who served from 1985 until the collapse of 1991. His supporters praise his youth, energy, and political skills that they admired. He was one of the youngest leader of the Soviet Union, since Stalin. He didn't need to follow other people ideas, he just came up with new ones that were more better and useful.

He opened up the Soviet Union and paved the way to end communism by opening the soviets citizens to help them out in their society. Due to this he started a thin called Glasnost that was an opening to help his citizens and make them feel comfortable with him as a leader, and to be not afraid of any losses. However, he had many ideas that he created another called Perestrokia that was an idea on economic restructuring throughout the Soviet Union. As Gorbachev made new reforms communism started to get weaker and weaker. His main idea was to make communism more efficent and productive development. Many changes came along the years where he finally ended communism and dramatically living to a new reform called capitalism where many things changed and are not the same.

Collapse of Communism

*Communism collapse in Eastern Europe and the USSR, because of many reasons. This was one of the major events in history that had happened. They wanted to separate the East and West Germany by breaking down the Berlin Wall and having great disaster. Due to this both sides of Germany had economic and social ties. Eventhought is was a disaster, later on it came with great support that they were able to make thier financial situations more better. When Communisn fell there was less need for concerns about nuclear annhilation. Many people turned against Communism and followed democartic rules.

*The Berlin Wall was a gigantic structure separating the Eastern and Western Germany and was a cause of concern. The Berlin went up on August of 1961. Due to this wall the East and West Germany were very angry because they couldn't cross the border. However, many people tried to cross, but there was consequences of being killed or shot. But because of this East and West of Germany were blocked for 28 years from each other. So for this reason, many people went and tear down the Berlin Wall with sledgehammers and broke down the Wall forever.

*Due to the Fall of the Berlin Wall it caused the union of the East and Western to become as one unified country that was from the start. Germany accepted capitalism and had finally removed communism from Europe. There was big changes when the Soviet Union fell, because of this they were creating smaller countries. So, this will take place by removing a super power from the world.

Creation of Israel

Explain the conflict that occurred when Israel was created. Why do the Palestinians and Israelis not get along?

*Zionism: Is a movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel and it's people.

* There was a lot of conflicts that occurred when Israel was created . Like they didn't get along with the Jews due to many reasons they had. YThis had begun in the Late 1800's where the Jews had migrated to Palestine and their numbers grew after WWII. This was because many survived of the Holocaust and went to live in Palestine and because of this things started to be terrible, that they created support for a Jewish homeland. Due to this Jews, and Palestinian Arabs claimed a right to the land of Palestine. This is were violent moments betweens the groups started.

But, in 1947 the United Nations decide to divide Palestine, into an Arab state and a Jewish state. The Jews accepted this pland, but the arabs did not accept it. By 1948, Britian withdrewand the Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel, that was recognized by the United Sates and the Soviet Uninon. Later, on that Arab decide to attack Israel, but because of this the Israeli forces won severals wars with the Arab. The result of the war was that Israel was nearly doubled its territory. There was alot of surprise because the country of Israel developed very fast, between 1948 and the mid-1980s about 2 million Jews migrated to Israel, eventhought some went to escape from persecution. I believe that the Palestine should just stop and live in peace. This will bring less conflicts between the Jews and the Arabs and the Jews would feel more comfortable and forget everything. Also because even today many Jews are being judge and I believe is not good because everybody should be treated equally.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid: Is a policy that separates differents racial groups, also known as discrimination to people who have different ethic background. [Whites, Blacks, Mixed, Indians]

*Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father Chief Henry Mandela was from Tembu, Tribe. He was well educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and was qualified in law in 1942. Due to this he was an Important ANC leader, but in1964 he was jailed by the government. He was in jail for 27 years and during that timel he became a powerful symbol of the struggle for freedom. During the 1950's Mandela was inspired by his major role in the ANC's non- violent campaign to undermine apartheid.

*Nelson Mandela is considered a hero in South Africa because he did more than their people expectedand mada alot of accomplishments for them. For this he is favored by many authors and mentioned by varios articles like "My Hero Project". He is appreciated by many authors because of his great support in stoping apartheid. he was a great man, eventhought he was in jail he didn't stop and wanted to make people to feel equal. He wasa greatand strong man that liked to help others and looked after them.

African Independence

*Africa changed so much in the 20 year period from 1955 to 1975 because of many reasons. In 1955 africa changed because the British colony developed the first African colony in South Sahara to achieve Independence, called the Gold Coast. The Gold Coast was a British colony, their leader was Kwame Nkrumah who organized a party. He helped liberate the Gold Coast from the British by using the strikes and boycotts to battle the british. Due to these results the British granted independence to the Gold Coast and Nkrumah became its prime minister. He renamed the country Ghana that was a new nation to its african past. * In 1975 africa had more independent countries than in 1955, because the africans thought it was neccessary to separate from Europe. Due to this it was more effective because there was independent countries in 1975. In a British colony named Kenya, their leader was Jomo Kenyatta who led them to independence. He spoke for the Kikuyu people who were let out of their land by the European settlers. However, Kenyatta refused to the Mau Mau ( was mainly to frigthen the white farmers to leave the highlands) connection so he was imprisoned by the british for a time for his refusal. In 1963, the british granted Kenya Independence, so Kenyatta became the first prime minister of an Independence Kenya. he worked very hard to unite the varius ethic and language groups in the country.

Neolithic Revolution

*The Neolithic Revolution is the term also know as the first Agricultural Revolution, that describes the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. This revolution was a time period about 10, 000 years ago when everything changed from hard to easy. This means that from hunting and gathering that was very dangerous many went to domesticating animals and plants. Due to this many men changed from cave men to farmers that worked really hard in order to live and have land. There was many advantages due to this change that many settled down and started to grow more food and their population started to increase. Many new cities were formed in river valleys because they had rich soil for farming. There was 4 major rivers named that were the Nile (Africa), Tigris-Euphrates(Mesopotamia), Yellow(China) and Indus(India) Rivers. Due to this places that were organized and very wealthy advanced civilizations began to start. This Revolution was a major event thoughout history because it showed how people lived and how they worked hard in order to live. Many people now would not even be alive because they were starving to death and had no place to live. So, because of this they learned to domesticate animals and plants that was very important in order to live.!

The European Union

*Around the 1980's and 1990's there was an expansion of the European Community that was called the European Union (EU). This union served as politically and economically to all the 25 countries. The European Union then introduced a new European currency called the Euro. Due to this now in today's world more euros are traded every day than US dollars, and the significance of the euro continues to nurture as compared to the US dollar.
*The European union is a good thing because now traveling to Europe is more easier and effective due to this developement. It is more easy to travel around the world like the U.S. this means that they don't have to stop everytime to show them their passport and just keep going. Now many people who live in the EU nations can freely now work in any part of the EU nations without any problems. The 25 European nations have about 500 million citizens and the US have about 300 million citizens which make a big difference in population. The European Union was successful because it had lasted long and many countires were able to establish more effectively.